Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to TD Bank Group's Q1 2019 Conference Call. I would now like to turn the meeting over to Ms. Gillian Manning, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Ms. Manning.

Thank you, operator. Good afternoon and welcome to TD Bank Group's first quarter 2019 investor presentation. My name is Gillian Manning, and I am the Head of Investor Relations at the Bank. We will begin today's presentation with remarks from Bharat Masrani, the Bank's CEO; after which, Riaz Ahmed, the Bank's CFO, will present our first quarter operating results. Ajai Bambawale, Chief Risk Officer, will then offer comments on credit quality, after which we will invite questions from prequalified analysts and investors on the phone. Also, present today to answer your questions are Teri Currie, Group Head, Canadian Personal Banking; Greg Braca, President and CEO, TD Bank, America's Most Convenient Bank; and Bob Dorrance, Group Head, Wholesale Banking. Please turn to slide two. At this time, I would like to caution our listeners that this presentation contains forward-looking statements that there are risks that actual results could differ materially from what is discussed and that certain material factors or assumptions were applied in making these forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements contained in this presentation represent the views of management and are presented for the purpose of assisting the Bank's shareholders and analysts in understanding the Bank's financial position, objectives and priorities and anticipated financial performance. Forward-looking statements may not be appropriate for other purposes. I would also like to remind listeners that the Bank uses non-GAAP financial measures to arrive at adjusted results to assess each of its businesses and to measure overall Bank performance. The Bank believes that adjusted results provide readers with a better understanding of how management views the Bank's performance. Bharat will be referring to adjusted results in his remarks. Additional information on items of note, the Bank's reported results and factors and assumptions related to forward-looking information are all available in our Q1 2019 report to shareholders. With that, let me turn the presentation over to Bharat.

Thank you, Gillian, and thank you everyone for joining us today. TD delivered earnings of $2.9 billion in the first quarter and EPS of $1.57, in line with the first quarter of last year. Our Retail segments performed very well, delivering continued volume growth margin expansion and good underlying credit quality. Our Wholesale business had a tougher quarter with volatile markets and lower levels of client activity, resulting in a small loss. Notwithstanding these developments, our results this quarter reinforce the strength of our model. The Bank’s retail-focused business mix and North American footprint, coupled with its disciplined risk culture, enabled us to deliver stable earnings in a challenging market environment. We also maintained strong balance sheet metrics with our CET1 ratio holding steady at 12%, after absorbing the impact of the Air Canada and Greystone transactions and the repurchase of 4.5 million shares during the quarter. Reflecting the strong fundamentals and the earnings power of our franchise, we declared a $0.07 dividend increase today. This brings TD's dividend per share to $0.74 per quarter, up 10% for a five-year compound annual growth rate of 9.5%. And we led the Canadian peer group with total shareholder return for the 12 months ended January 31st. Overall, I'm pleased with the progress we made advancing the Bank’s longer term strategy this quarter, moving forward with purpose as one TD as we build the better bank for our customers, colleagues, and communities in the digital age. We also recorded significant accomplishments in each of TD's businesses. Canadian Retail had a great quarter with 6% earnings growth, including 8% in personal and commercial banking. We delivered great revenue and volume growth across all businesses and products. We are winning new customers and securing more of their business the way we always have by putting our customers at the center of everything we do and reimagining the way we operate to meet the revolving needs. In personal and commercial banking, we continued to strengthen our omnichannel distribution strategy, complementing TD's expanded team of frontline advisors and specialists with new digital capabilities. The TD homeowners’ journey went fully digital this quarter, enabling customers to complete the entire mortgage application process on their phone or tablet, if they wish. TD EasyApply platform is contributing to strong growth in digital checking accounts and credit cards, and has now been extended to business banking customers. And TD Clari, the AI pilot chatbot we added to our top-ranked banking at last month already has more than 100,000 registered users who love having a personalized, always-on digital assistant in the palm of their hands. In our wealth business, TD Direct Investing won top spot among Canadian banks in the Globe and Mail's annual ranking of online brokers. With its WebBroker platform site that we are maintaining an impressive pace of innovation. And the portfolio building and monitoring tools we’ve developed to help our customers manage their investments are just the beginning. There are more enhancements to come. This quarter, we were also excited to close the Greystone acquisition and see TD's new loyalty program agreement with Air Canada take effect. These premium products and capabilities extend our leadership position in the asset management and credit card spaces and enable us to add even more value for our customers. Turning to the U.S. The U.S. Retail Bank generated earnings of US$700 million this quarter, up 4% from a year ago or 9% in Canadian dollars, with the benefits of tax reform now largely reflected in the year-over-year comparison and a continued strong pace of investment. We again delivered peer leading volume growth and benefited from further margin expansion. We continue to see good opportunities for organic growth in all our businesses. And with the contribution from TD Ameritrade up more than 70% from a year ago, segment earnings reached US$935 million, or $1.2 billion in Canadian dollars, an increase of 21%. The U.S. retail business continues to succeed by putting our customers first. In January, we launched the Unexpectedly Human brand campaign, which showcases our uniquely customer centric approach and commitment to make a positive impact in our local communities. It’s a powerful expression of how we do things differently at TD from the extra conveniences we offer our customers to the ways we engage with them, like TD's improved Mobile Bill Pay tool, which has a best-in-class user interface and more flexible features, our new eSignature capability, which enables retail and wealth customers to open accounts digitally across multiple products, or the improvements we are making to the Bank's distribution networks and platforms. With these investments we're making banking faster and simpler for our customers across every channel. Part of our promise to deliver a personalized, connected, legendary customer experience. We had a more difficult quarter in Wholesale, recording of $17 million loss in a challenging environment. Revenue declined sharply as volatile markets made trading conditions difficult and kept clients on the sidelines. The lower jumping off point for revenue will be difficult to recoup over the balance of the year. The TD strategy remains sound, and we're continuing to invest in our client focused franchise. Over the past year, we have added 50 corporate client relationships and grown drawn corporate loans by 20%. And we continue to win significant new mandates, aligned with our enterprise strategy. This quarter, acting as joint lead on the World Bank’s C$1.5 billion sustainable development bond, the largest sovereign supranational agency bond issued in the Canadian market. Our role in the issuance reinforces the strength of our relationships in the SSA space. Taking stock of TD's position one quarter into fiscal 2019, market conditions clearly impacted the Bank’s start to the year. On our Q4 call, we said we thought we could continue to deliver adjusted EPS growth for 2019 inside our 7% to 10% medium-term target range. But, we also identified certain factors, including market uncertainty, which if they intensified, could affect our view. As we look ahead to the balance of the year, subject to the same factors and assuming the improving market conditions we are now seeing are sustained, we believe adjusted EPS growth will be closer to the low end of our medium-term range. To wrap up, TD's business model is strong. Our retail focus strategy and lower risk deposit-rich balance sheet continues to prove their resilience. And our purposeful investments in people and technology are powering the continued transformation of the banking experience for our customers and colleagues. This quarter, we were honored to be included in the Bloomberg Gender Equality Index for the third consecutive year. The index recognizes companies for their commitment to transparency in gender reporting and advancing women's equality. TD was also named one of Canada's top employers for young people by Mediacorp, reflecting the initiatives we have launched to cultivate TD's younger colleagues. Their fresh perspective is helping us shape the bank of the future, and we are investing in their development to help them acquire the skills and experience they need to reach their full potential supported by leaders who inspire them. At TD, we've always said, our people are our greatest asset. They bring the Bank's unique and inclusive culture to life. And by living our shared commitment each day, they are proud ambassadors for the TD brand. I would like to thank them for their hard work, dedication and unrelenting focus on delivering for our customers every day. It’s a privilege to work alongside them as we continue our journey to make TD the better bank. With that, I will turn things over to Riaz.

Thank you, Bharat. Good afternoon, everybody. Please turn to slide five. This quarter, the Bank reported earnings of $2.4 billion and EPS of $1.27. Adjusted earnings were nearly $3 billion and adjusted EPS was a $1.57. Revenue increased 7%, reflecting higher margins and volume growth in our Retail businesses, partially offset by lower revenue in Wholesale. Provisions for credit losses increased to $850 million, primarily reflecting seasonal trends in the U.S. credit card and auto portfolios with the largest quarter-over-quarter increase being in the retailer share of PCLs for the strategic card portfolio, which is recorded in the corporate segment. Expenses increased 20% on a reported basis, including charges of $607 million relating to the agreement with Air Canada and $31 million associated with the Greystone acquisition. Adjusted expenses increased 8% or 5% excluding the impact of foreign currency translation. Please turn to slide six. Canadian Retail had a very strong quarter. Net income was $1.4 billion and adjusted for the Air Canada and Greystone charges, net income was $1.9 billion, up 6% year-over-year. Revenue increased 8%, reflecting higher volume growth, margin expansion and higher insurance and fee-based banking revenue. Loans grew 6% and deposits grew 3%, reflecting growth in personal and business volumes. Wealth assets increased 6%, including the addition of Greystone. Margin was 2.94%, flat to the prior quarter, reflecting rising interest rate, partially offset by lower loan margins and a 3 basis-point from a refinement in treasury allocation methodology. Total PCL increased to $310 million, reflecting higher performing as well as impaired PCL. Total PCL as an annualized percentage of credit volume was 29 basis points, up 4 basis points quarter-over-quarter. Expenses were $3.1 billion and adjusted for the Air Canada and Greystone charges, expenses were $2.4 billion, or up 6%. Please turn to slide seven. U.S. Retail net income was US$935 million, up 25% year-over-year on a reported basis and 16% on an adjusted basis. The U.S. Retail Bank reported earnings rose 5% on strong revenue growth of 6%, partially offset by higher expenses and PCL. Average loan volumes increased 3%, reflecting growth in the personal and business customer segments. Deposit growth was 2% including strong growth in core consumer checking accounts of 6%, partially offset by a small decrease in TD Ameritrade suite deposits. Net interest margin was 3.42%, up 9 basis points quarter-over-quarter and 23 basis points year-over-year, primarily due to higher deposit margins. Total PCL including only the Bank's contractual portion of credit losses in the strategic cards portfolio was $230 million. PCL impaired increased US$57 million quarter-over-quarter, reflecting higher provisions for the commercial portfolio, and seasonal trends in the credit card and auto portfolios. This is partially offset by a decrease in the performing PCL, reflecting migration from performing to impaired in the commercial portfolio. The U.S. Retail net PCL ratio including only the Bank's contractual portion of credit losses in the strategic cards portfolio was 59 basis points, up 9 basis points from last quarter. Expenses increased 6%, reflecting higher investments in business initiatives, business volume growth and increased employee-related costs, partially offset by productivity savings and the elimination of the FDIC deposit insurance surcharge. And the contribution from our investment in TD Ameritrade increased to US$235 million. Segment ROE increased to 12.6%, up 140 basis points on a reported basis and 60 basis points on an adjusted basis from a year ago. Please turn to slide eight. Net loss for Wholesale was $17 million, reflecting lower revenue and higher noninterest expenses. Revenue decreased 35%, reflecting challenging market conditions. The volatility in rates, equity and credit markets resulted in the difficult trading environment, lower client activity, and a meaningful slowdown in debt and equity underwriting, particularly in Canada. Trading margins declined, reflecting yield compression on high-quality assets, relative to funding costs. Noninterest expenses continued to rise, reflecting continued investments in our U.S. dollar strategy and the impact of FX translation, partially offset by lower variable compensation accrual. We also had a benefit in the prior period from the revaluation of certain liabilities for postretirement benefits. Please turn to slide nine. The Corporate segment reported a net loss of $192 million in the quarter compared to a net loss of $634 million in the same quarter last year. The decrease in reported net loss was primarily attributable to the impact of U.S. tax reform in the same quarter last year. Please turn to slide 10. Our common equity tier 1 ratio was 12% at the end of first quarter, consistent with the fourth quarter of last year. We had strong organic capital generation this quarter, which added 36 basis points to our capital position. This was offset primarily by the impact of the Air Canada and Greystone transactions as well as the repurchase of common shares and actuarial losses and employee pension plans in the quarter. Effective this quarter, we increased CET1 capital allocated to business segments to 10% from 9%. Our leverage ratio was 4.1% and our liquidity coverage ratio was 131%. I will now turn the call over to Ajai.

Thank you, Riaz. And good afternoon, everyone. Please turn to slide 11. Credit quality was in line with our expectations for the first quarter. Gross impaired loan formations were $1.7 billion or 26 basis points, up 5 basis points quarter-over-quarter and up 6 basis points year-over-year. The quarter-over-quarter increase in gross impaired loan formations reflects formations in the U.S. commercial portfolio, primarily attributable to an idiosyncratic event in the power and utilities sector, and seasonal trends in the U.S. credit card and auto portfolios, partially offset by lower formations in the Canadian commercial portfolio. Consistent with recent quarters, there were no new formations in the Wholesale segment. Please turn to slide 12. Gross impaired loans ended the quarter at $3.5 billion or 53 basis points, up 6 basis points quarter-over-quarter and up 4 basis points year-over-year. The primary contributors to the quarter-over-quarter increase in gross impaired loans were new formations in the U.S. commercial portfolio and seasonal trends in the U.S. credit card and auto portfolios. The wholesale segment maintained its zero imperiled loan balance quarter-over-quarter. Please turn to slide 13. Recall that our presentation reports PCL ratios both gross and net of the partners’ share of the U.S. strategic card credit losses. We remind you that credit losses recorded in the Corporate segment are fully absorbed by our partners and do not impact the Bank’s net income. The Bank’s PCL for the quarter were $855 million, up 9 basis points quarter-over-quarter and up 5 basis points year-over-year. The $180 million quarter-over-quarter PCL increase, primarily reflects $127 million in the U.S. credit card and auto portfolios, largely due to typical seasonal trends. As experienced in previous years, PCLs in the U.S. credit card and auto portfolios generally peak in the first quarter, post the shopping season. Balances and delinquencies historically decrease in the second and third quarters as customers catch up with their payments. Canadian Retail drove the balance of the quarter-over-quarter increase in PCL with contribution from the Canadian credit card, other personal and commercial portfolios. Overall, credit losses for the segment remained low. Please turn to slide 14. Of the $180 million PCL increase quarter-over-quarter, $158 million is attributable to impaired PCL, largely reflecting U.S. seasonal trends, as already mentioned, and provisions in the U.S. commercial portfolio, primarily in the power and utilities sector. The total performing PCL for the Bank is stable, quarter-over-quarter. In summary, credit quality remained strong across the Bank’s portfolios and we remain well-positioned for continued growth. With that, I will turn the call back to Bharat.

Thanks very much, Ajai. Before we open it up for questions, let me ask Bob Dorrance to provide some additional color on our wholesale results. Bob?

Okay. Thanks, Bharat. Given the loss in the quarter, I thought it would be of benefit to give some context as to what happened in the period. First, I’d like to reiterate what our strategy is. We are focused on building a client-focused North American dealer with global reach. And we have been investing in this strategy in a meaningful way, particularly in the last couple of years. Our geographic business mix however remains heavily weighted towards Canada, and on the revenue side, our mix is 70% global markets. Our objective is to continue to diversify this mix. We’ve been growing our U.S. dollar businesses, investing in people, products and technology. Most of this investment, as I mentioned, has been in recent years. This was obviously a tough quarter, but we have good momentum in our strategy. We are executing on building client relationships. And we are growing our U.S. dollar earnings power. So, why was there a loss in the quarter? First, we saw a significant decline in client activity due to the increased volatility in credit and equity markets. This was a continuation of a trend that impacted our Canadian business in the second half of 2018. Equity and debt issuances were very weak in the quarter, cash trading the same. But, it also caused a significant slowdown in U.S. dollar trading and reticence flow in this particular period. From a trading perspective, we did not experience any meaningful losses, but nor did we have any debt that made significant gains. Most of our trading businesses didn’t perform as we were expecting. We also had lower revenue from our short-term balance sheet businesses due to margin pressures. There were fewer opportunities in the marketplace to deploy balance sheet profitably. In addition to falling short on revenues, we also had higher expenses, partly due to the investments that we're making growing our businesses and partly due to the postretirement benefit item that Bharat mentioned in his remarks, which we had realized in the first quarter of last year and identified then. So, how does one -- how do you contextualize the loss, simply? There are a couple of items in our results that I would single out. On the revenue side, approximately half of the revenue decline came from what we would think of one-time items. These include higher TEB in the prior period as well as income volatility related to accounting for various strategies we have in place to hedge our books and stabilize earnings, which were typically all washed out. On the expense side, we had the postretirement benefit that I mentioned, we also had higher FX impact on our costs. Without these items, expenses would've been flat year-over-year. If we put them together, we still wouldn’t have had a great quarter, but it would not have resulted in the loss. Looking forward, how does this impact our strategy? We remain committed to executing our strategy despite the disappointing results for the quarter. We have established a top Canadian franchise and we’ve built a meaningful foundation under the U.S. dollar platform. We are now focused on achieving the expected earnings power from these investments. We will also continue to review and respond to the ongoing changes that are occurring in our overall business model. The impact of regulatory, competitive, political and economic trends represent both challenges and opportunities. Our focus remains providing value to our clients, being a great place to work, working with our bank partners, and earning an attractive return for our shareholders. I'll now ask the operator to open up for questions.

[Operator Instructions] The first question is from Sumit Malhotra with Scotia Capital. Please go ahead.

Thanks. Good afternoon. This is probably for Bob, maybe for Riaz. Hearing you talk about the expense items in Wholesale, it seems like you're making reference to maybe some of the factors that were there a year ago, that pension revaluation. But, the absolute level at something like $600 million in the quarter, I would've thought that just given the delta in the revenue, you would have seen more of a offset in terms of how you accrue. I guess, thinking about it on a run rate basis, are these investments that you had to undertake in the U.S., more of a fixed cost that we should expect to stay with the Bank going forward? And is that absolute level that we see in the business in Q1 that C$600 million or so, is that more representative of what expenses look like going forward?

Good question. I think it's fair to say that the we have made the expenses in people, and that is a permanent increase to the cost base. We would expect that we will fund some of that investment from productivity and savings that we get elsewhere. And we continue -- and are very focused on that. So, I would say that it remains to be determined whether it's -- how much productivity we can get in order to fund those -- that increase in expense. And also, we did cut back on the accrual given that we did make the revenue, so we would expect that from a efficiency perspective that with higher revenues that we would be generating return on those costs as well. But, the cost level that you see in the quarter should look at that as I would say -- I wouldn’t say it’s an ongoing run rate, but it's a run rate that needs to be -- if it’s going to be reduced, it's probably more likely to come from productivity than it is to come from people.

I’d just add to that Sumit that when the FX rate moves around, that can have some impact of as much as 3% to 5% on this. So, when you look at $600 million as a run rate, just sort of keep the FX translation in mind as well.

Yes. I think I have that in. I want to give others a chance, so maybe Riaz, I’ll finish with one for you. You’ve given us something to think about by stating that the 7% to 10% range is still applicable for 2019, although maybe on the lower end of that. You and I have discussed on these calls in the past that there has been some back and forth in the absolute level of expense growth with TD. And I think, again, on a basis we look at, not adjusting for FX, it’s something like 8% this quarter. Is it fair to say that as you get in the second half of the year, it's at that point you're expecting a step down, if I can call it that, in your core expense growth relative to what we've seen for the last couple of quarters out?

Yes. So, as I said, I think, in the past, we’ve always -- we iterated, Sumit, that to 7% to 10% medium-term target should be thought in the context of the medium-term and then we sort of give you a perspective on that every once a year or every now and then. But, on the expense side, I’ll just kind of go back to the translation as well. I mean, you’re seeing an 8% expense growth. But, as I mentioned in my remarks, FX translation adjusted, the expense growth of 5%, which is very much in line with our expectations. But, since last year, we had an increasing expense trend by quarter, it’d be reasonable to expect that growth rate would level as we go into Q2 to Q4.

The next question is from Gabriel Dechaine with National Bank Financial. Please go ahead.

So, clearly, this capital market business is going to be topical and this quarter looks to be an anomaly. I'm just wondering if -- I mean, you’ve done this in the past to give a sense of what a kind of a run rate for earnings -- I know this is going back a few years, but $250 million a quarter is something more attainable, and that’s going to dovetail into my real question.

I think, what we said historically, Gabriel that we are focused on earning attractive return on capital. And I think we would be confident and continue to say that that’s our objective. Whether that happens in any given quarter obviously is very much dependent on market conditions and activities and other factors. So, that's not easy to forecast. But, I do think that we have the earnings power to continue to produce an attractive ROE over time.

The last couple of years we’ve had a bit over a 1 billion of earnings, so that does work out to about over $250 million. I'm just wondering, have we at least replicated that performance in the past couple of years?

I don’t think it’s -- I add anything by forecasting what the earnings are going to be. That’s what our produced in those two years. The business model has evolved, that's changing. We are investing in other markets. We’ve lost some of the earnings that might have been in those periods because of changes to tax regimes, et cetera. So, I think I would -- I think, the way to look at it is that we can continue to earn attractive return over time. And I will not be in the forecasting game.

Well, that kind of -- because we do have a guidance number of 7% to 10% or target, I should say, for the overall bank. And this is for Riaz as well to Bob, but slow start. So, I'm not surprised to hear you say you might get the lower end of the range, but that’s still a pretty heavy gross number, we got average over the next three quarters to get to that 7%. But, my math is 10, or 11. If capital markets just does what normally does then the other businesses have to step up. Is that what you have in mind as well or how do you see getting there?

Hey. I think, Gabriel, we do expect that as the capital markets environment improves and that there would be a steady improvement in the businesses. And I think mathematically you are correct that when you look at a 7% to 10% growth rate and with the first quarter as it is, to be at the low end of 7% would suggest about a 10% for the next three quarters. So, as Bob was indicating, I think without giving you a sense for or without getting into forecasting segment by segment, we remain that we can affirm within our medium term target range and feel confident that we can achieve it.

Gabriel, this is Bharat. Just to add to that, in my comments, I did say that we are seeing some improvement in market conditions. And if they are sustained, that’s why we are feeling that we can get within the range that we've outlined. I think, it is important to keep that in mind. Obviously, if market conditions change dramatically, then we’ll have to rethink, thin the number. But, let's not forget that notwithstanding a small loss in wholesale, the Bank EPS is still just under 1% up year-over-year. That tells you the earnings power of our overall franchise, the diversification we have, the mix of businesses we have and the geographic diversification as well. So, that's the best way to look at how are we feeling for the rest of the year?

Thank you. The next question is from Robert Sedran with CIBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

I'd like to switch course and get to the U.S. business. The fee income this quarter was a touch weaker sequentially and I guess year-over-year, and there is some explanation for it in the MD&A. So, wondering if you can provide a little more color on that, but more importantly, do you expect some of that to be recaptured in coming quarters?

Yes, Robert. So, thanks for the question. So, you did correctly call out, we did make note. And on a year-over-year basis, non-interest income was down. And I just want to just highlight a couple of the main drivers why it was down year-over-year. First and foremost, I’d talk about -- might be a little less familiar to folks up here but the low income housing tax credit program that the Bank has been involved with for a number years, that supports our real estate development project, it supports our community reinvestment act, and it includes -- and most banks provide tax credits to projects that are under development, specifically in low to moderate income or areas that are being developed in given geographies, and we make those tax credit investments. And what you saw in the last quarter was just the spike in the normal depreciation or value of those tax credits that we get equity and when we make those investments. So, the formula becomes a little complicated, but it does get run through the non-interest income line. And that was a big driver. The second big driver in year-over-year would have been a reduction in our wealth fee income, and the big driver of that would have been we continue to see the migration in the markets from a strategy of active to passive. And you would have seen under the assets under management line a decline year-over-year in AUM in the U.S. wealth business. Notwithstanding the institutional assets under management, we’re still very comfortable and confident in all of our activities as we on a de novo basis, build out our private banking and client business under that wealth franchise. But, if you add those two pieces back alone, you get back into positive year-over-year non-interest income. And in general, what I would say, is we saw reasonable fee income growth in our core businesses in commercial and retail and in a few businesses, I’d say, we saw a little bit softer fee income through the end of the year. But, that's how I’d give you at least a big meaty part of that.

So, abnormal and it should start to come back to more normal levels of growth?

I guess, I’d say, particularly from the low income housing tax credit piece. We do believe that should normalize in subsequent quarters.

Okay. And just I guess on a related note, there is big bank mergers in the U.S. and some partly in your footprint. And I guess it creates a short-term opportunity, and you could argue a longer term threat. I'm wondering -- I don’t know if this is for you, Greg, or for you Bharat perhaps, but just talking about how you think about scale in the North American context and whether it is in fact a longer term threat as the market consolidates around you a little bit?

This is Bharat, of course anything happening in any part of footprint, we look at it very seriously. I think, this particular deal that you’re talking about, there was good rationale. The scale is important in our business given the investments required, et cetera. We feel pretty good. Like you said, of course, there is always opportunities when there is a major consolidation going on. Over the long-term, we feel good because some of our sort of scale advantages are North American in nature. In my remarks, I talked about some of the platform builds that we have which are more North American in scale. So, from a competitive position, we feel pretty good that we are able to take advantage of Canadian and U.S. combined scale, which puts us at par with any major institution in North America. So, that's one way to look at it. But, anyway, we will be watching this for the next couple years by the time it fully integrates, gets approvals. In the meantime, the market will provide more opportunities. That’s how we’re looking at it.

The next question is from Darko Mihelic with RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

I just wanted to clarify maybe some of the commentary that Bob was giving us. With respect to the -- I think you said half of the decline in the revenues was a result of two things. One was TEB and the other was in accounting anomaly. So first of all, I think you're looking at year-over-year, is that how you’re describing this decline?

Yes. That's right.

Okay. So, I can track about 84 millionish on the TEB, which means a big chunk of it is accounting. Can you maybe touch on what the accounting anomaly is. And I guess, more to the point, is there something that could reverse this accounting anomaly going forward? And what should be keying in on or some sort of market metric that we can look at that might help us understand what would reverse this accounting anomaly?

I’ll take that Darko. I think, I’d characterize these things as anomalies. And because there are a number of different strategies that we utilize to, among other things, manage trading positions, capital et cetera , which sometimes one side of that transaction can end up in P&L and another side of the transaction end up in OCI, we talked about the trading deposits mark-to-market in the third quarter, which we have changed the accounting for and prospectively that should reduce an impact. But, that started prospectively on of November 1, so about a quarter of the book now is fair value to P&L with own credit being in OCI. And we also would have these risk capital type of hedging transactions, which are not perfect hedges where one part of the index may move one way in relation to the underlying. And in this particular quarter with the kind of dislocation we saw, those kind of things, which typically wash themselves out, big picture, they will move one way negative. So, I don’t think that they are kind of accounting items in the way of saying that they were created by accounting things but the mark-to-market regime, as you know, has a number of anomalies and those particular anomalies this quarter were more atypical than you would see in a more typical quarter.

And so, just a follow-up. Has any of these anomalies already started to reverse?

Well, I don’t think that I want to get into Q2 on a Q1 call. And because of the very nature of them, it’s not -- they are not easily forecastable. So, they are just subject to usual market risk trading uncertainties. And this particular quarter, they just went all against us.

Okay. And then, just last question, just going back to the expense side of the wholesale, I think, I understood your answer, Bob. But, I guess the other question, the add-on question to that is, I think in your opening remarks, you have mentioned that you want to continue to build out the business. So, is there more hirings, more people to come? And shouldn’t we expect therefore the expense item, expense line to actually grow over time or maybe how can you contextualize that for me?

I would say that where we are right now in this phase of our growth that we have seen significant adds in the last two years, and we are now into incremental adds where it makes sense to round out business. So, I would say the pace of additions for a period of time is definitely going to slow. We’re also looking at how we fund those adds in businesses where we don't see the growth that we have. So, I was thinking after the Sumit’s question. I mean, I think, the way to look at it in some ways is that I wouldn’t take 600 as a permanent number. If the revenue doesn't grow as we expect, it certainly won't be a permanent number. But, we do expect that we will grow revenue in order to support the level of investment that we’ve made.

The next question is from Meny Grauman with Cormark Securities. Please go ahead.

Just following up with Bob, understanding that you are repositioning the business, but did you make or are you considering making any material changes to the business as a result of this quarter’s results? And I'm thinking about specifically the personnel or given what you were talking about Darko’s question, specific trading strategies that you are discontinuing?

I don’t see us discontinuing anything, Meny. I think, we definitely -- we continuously look at where -- how best to allocate balance sheet, for example. And to the extent that some of the balance sheet strategies and businesses that we've been in, don't return the requirements that we have, we are looking to grow other businesses. So, I think you should see ongoing growth in prime services, for example, as to where we will deploy balance sheet, and we will be taking it from somewhere else. We continuously monitor the profitability of the businesses. And I think the real determination is assessing what is cyclical and what is secular. And clearly, there are both trends underway, and we're managing that out. But, I think, the objective is to manage it out on a continuous basis as opposed to reacting in any way to any business that we have and suggesting that it’s non-permanent business.

I think, Meny, I’d add to that. It’s Riaz. So, in Bob's remarks, he did point out that throughout the quarter, you don't see any particular large loss days or in any particular trading strategies that created outsized losses. So, to your point about strategies and changes in strategies, I think, it's important to keep in mind that these are that there were not any of those kinds of indicators.

And then, you note that CET1 capital allocated to business has increased to 10% from 9%. I’m just wondering why you made that change and what the implications of that change are?

Yes. I think, really, Meny, it was kind of an update that we do from year-to-year to have a look at our capital, including some of the regulatory capital that is relevant to the business and our own risk assessments. And we felt that 10% was now a better indicator in aggregate. So, fundamentally, it really doesn't change anything from the aggregate TD Bank point of view, because we still have 12% CET1 capital. It just means that more of that capital is being allocated to the segments and less is being held as excess capital in the corporate segment.

Thank you. The next question is from Sohrab Movahedi with BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Just a couple of quickies. Bob, you mentioned, I think the mix of the business is about 70% global markets. As you build out, is that mix going to stay about 70% global markets or do you think that mix is going to change a little bit?

I think it will change, the -- and that's part of the -- that is definitely part of what we’re attempting to accomplish in terms of investing in the corporate space in United States in particular. We are also investing though in the product parts because we need product partners, the businesses work together to create the revenue. So, I don't think it will change rapidly but it will change and it will migrate to be less global markets. When global markets continue to grow, but we’d expect that corporate investment banking will grow more rapidly.

And then, just as far as the revenue outlook, let's say, more immediately for your business, Bob, as opposed to kind of longer term. How much of that is what I’ll refer to within your control as -- versus just needing the markets to kind of rebound, so you kind of revalue I guess the marks on the inventory? Is that the right to think about it or it's dependent on -- I guess, how much of it is in your control as opposed to outside of your control?

I got to think I really -- how to answer that question, Sohrab. It’s a complicated business as you know to forecast because it's very much driven by what activity levels, and activity levels are driven by markets and how markets are performing and not performing. And I think, the real challenge is notwithstanding what markets are doing, is that you have strategies such that you can add value to clients, so that they want to reward you with business. And that really is the underwriting driver of earnings power, and the rest of it is harder to forecast.

Okay. If I can just sneak one in for in Teri. She's been awfully quiet on this call. Teri, the revenue growth, quite nice and think of it as the Canadian P&C proper, obviously year-over-year nice spread or NIM expansion. Maybe just a little bit around the outlook for NIM, maybe revenue growth in your segment or that P&C segment specifically and the likelihood of operating leverage being positive again this year?

Sure. Thank you. So, definitely pleased with the growth and the revenue performance in the first quarter for the Canadian Retail business, as you mentioned. I would say from a NIM perspective, also pleased that notwithstanding receiving the gift of the allocation from treasury as allocation methodology was refined, those margins held up for Canadian Retail. As we think about NIM for the balance of the year, for the full year ‘19, we do expect higher NIM than full year ‘18. We obviously, in the earlier part of 2019, are experiencing a tailwind from the rate increase that happened in 2018. If there were not to be additional rate increases throughout the year, we could see some compression in the fourth quarter. So, from a NIM perspective, TD economics is still projecting one more interest rate increase this year. But, I’d say, we’re positive for the full year-over-year, we could see some compression at the backend. As it relates to expenses, it is worth nothing that Q2 expenses in 2018 were just on an absolute level, very low. So from an expense growth perspective in Q2, we would expect to see higher growth. When we look at the full year, very comfortable that we’re managing prudently and investing optimistically, and we’re still targeting positive operating leverage for the full year. That’s inclusive of the investments we’ve noted that we need to make for our Air Canada partnership that we’re very pleased with and inclusive of the fact that we may not see interest rate increases this year.

The next question is from Scott Chan with Canaccord Genuity. Please go ahead.

Perhaps I could kind of ask the same, just on the U.S. I guess, Retail side. Just in terms of the margin, the margin was up nice sequentially, up very nicely in fiscal ‘18, and perhaps just maybe some of the guidance in the quarter and just the outlook for ‘19 on the margin front.

Scott, thank you. So, you are correct, we were up 9 basis points quarter-over-quarter. And much of that is because of simply higher rates. And the way we would describe is our on-off investment book of what we're investing in those deposits in, whether in loans or in securities versus what's rolling off. And as we've always said from quarter-to-quarter this number could bump around. But in ‘18 we generally -- 2018, we generally said was a rising rate environment and four rate hikes. We would generally continue to see higher rates, and year-over-year that’s certain what you saw. With the Fed now on pause, I would normally say that the rates, all things being equal, could be more -- will be certainly more flattish than you saw in ‘18 and it will depend on a whole series of things that play into this, gets very complicated. The mix of the business, the growth of deposits versus loans and where is the long end of the rate curve, and how that plays into it. So, we would certainly expect where we are now, given the recent set guidance that you will see far more muted growth in the NIM story for 2019.

And just on U.S., whilst we talked about AUM declining, and when you kind of look at the ending balances, down $19 billion year-over-year, I think it was 46 it close at. And if I look at the U.S. equity markets, it is down modestly in the fiscal year. And I think, in my remarks, I talked about something on a strategy on U.S. money markets. But, I just want perhaps a bit more clarification on the large variance that we are seeing kind of ex the market?

Sure. And just to be very clear, Scott, I think your question is on a full year-over-year basis or..

Year-over-year, yes, because every quarter seems to be going down, I suppose the last two, so maybe it’s the same kind of theme. But, I'm just curious on the year-over-year...

Yes. So, for much of the year, what I would say, Scott, is that what you saw was the migration of assets from the active strategies that’s been in the U.S. to passive strategies that are less fee income. And that dynamic in the institutional markets continues to play out for many money managers, not just us that have seen that. What you did see in the last quarter though was the choice for TD to exit a complex of money market funds in the U.S. that were relative -- that’s a scale business, low margin business. And if you look at AUM, the biggest driver quarter-over-quarter was the exit of money market funds. But certainly, the combination and primarily the assets leaving from the active to passive strategy is the primary reduction on the fee side.

The next question is from Doug Young with Desjardins Capital. Please go ahead.

Just on the -- back to Teri, I think in the shareholder report, it was mentioned that part of the increase in PCLs in Canadian Retail was related to just the personal lending portfolio on the impaired side. And given your touch into the Canadian consumer, just hoping to get a bit of an update as to what you are seeing. Are you starting to see any cracks in any particular segment? Just hoping to get an update on that.

Yes. It’s Ajai. I'll take that question. So, I would say credit quality in Canada is strong. If you look at our overall PCL rate, there is a bit of an uptick but we are very much in the range we've been over the last five years, which is 25 to 30 basis points. The uptick we saw, a bit of it is coming from other personal, and that’s some seasoning of our portfolio. There is bit coming from cards and that's higher utilization, some migration and then a bit from commercial again, some migration occurring there. But, again, I think, the message is the quality is pretty strong. I do however recognize that we are late in the cycle. So, we need to monitor development but the quality is strong here.

So, nothing abnormal, doesn’t sound like?

No.

And then, just a second, just quickly, the seasonality in U.S. strategic card portfolio, and I do get the full fact that it’s seasonal. But, was the seasonality as you expected or was there an abnormal increase this time around? It just looks like the PCL build year-over-year was quite significant or maybe that’s normal, just wondering if there is anything abnormal in there.

So, good question. I would say, most of the increase in the U.S. PCL came from cards and auto, and it is seasonality. So, almost 60% to 70% would be seasonality. But, there are mix and seasoning changes occurring, particularly in the strategic cards portfolio. I think that contributed to some of the increase as well. But, what you got to keep in mind, especially with relating to strategic cards is that our economic interest in those portfolios is actually quite low.

When you say mix change within -- like within the strategic card portfolio there is a mix?

That's right. So, think about like these are store cards and so the customers coming to the stores, the mix of those are changing. So, you could have more discount shoppers, for example. You have more coming into an online channel and the risk profile of those customers could be a little different. So, because of that you're seeing higher loss rate.

So, you are saying because your economic interest is relatively low that's not having as big impact on you, but it does have an impact on the corporate PCL, which is what we see?

Exactly.

Thank you. This concludes the question-and-answer session. I would now like to turn the meeting back over to Bharat Masrani.

Thank you, operator. And thank you everyone for joining us this afternoon. I know Bob had a lot of questions. I thought I should comment on that. We at TD Securities obviously had a rough quarter in Q1. But we have the strategy we are committed to, we believe in this strategy, and you should see us continuing to build out the dealer, as outlined by Bob, with the rate investment. And so, it is a core part of TD, and we're happy that we're not going to change and make any dramatic shifts because of one quarterly event. In fact, our business for many, many years, given the type of business we've been doing with the risk appetite, we’ve set has been consistent and has delivered what you would expect from the dealer at TD. So, once again, thank you for joining. and I would like to take this opportunity to thank our 85,000 TD bankers around the world for once again delivering for all of our stakeholders including our shareholders. Thank you and see you in 90 days.

Thank you. The conference has now ended. Please disconnect your lines at this time. And we thank you for your participation.